Before 1917, Russian physics and chemistry publications would typically appear in Zhurnal Russkogo Fiziko-Khimicheskogo Obshchestva <Журнал русского физико-химического общества>, commonly abbreviated as ZhRFKhO <ЖРФХО>. It was published by the Russian Physico-Chemical Society. During his stay in Russia in 1907-1912, Paul Erenfest made a lot of editorial work for ZRFKhO and published two dozens of original articles and reviews in this journal. Many other foreign names appeared in this journal as well, e.g., Paul Walden. ZhRFKhO was at some point split into physics and chemistry parts. Before WWI, the articles were translated selectively into German for various Zeitschriften. ZhRFKhO was continued after the Russian revolution all the way until 1930, but no translations appeared any more. When it was finally closed, several more specialized academic journals were launched instead, published only in Russian.
One journal most relevant to our project is Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii <Журнал Физической химии> launched in 1930 for publications related to physical chemistry in a broad sense, including molecular structures and crystal chemistry. Early volumes would sometimes contain abstracts or short summaries translated into German, but this practice was discontinued in mid-1930’s. Below, we collect table of contents for the first three decades of this journal and provide full texts of electrochemical articles.
1930 · 1931 · 1932 · 1933 · 1934 · 1935 · 1936 · 1937 · 1938 · 1939
1940 · 1941 · 1942 · 1943 · 1944 · 1945 · 1946 · 1947 · 1948 · 1949
1950 · 1951 · 1952 · 1953 · 1954 · 1955 · 1956 · 1957 · 1958 · 1959
Volumes 15-19 published during 1941-1945 are available (full texts and contents) at http://e-heritage.ru/Catalog/PubsSearch (insert Журнал Физической химии in search field).
As the submission of articles to international journals required special permission from the authorities, Soviet scientists tried to establish domestic journals published in foreign languages (see 1932 Preface signed by A. Ioffe). Electrochemistry and chemical kinetics as a whole were considered as the parts of chemical physics, and newly established Institute of Chemical Physics in Leningrad contained Dept of Electrochemistry (see at P. 448 of this description). Several early works of the Frumkin school have been published in Physikalische Zeitschrift der Sowjetunion initiated by a team of young physicists in Kharkov, Ukraine. This journal appeared between 1932-1938 only. It was suspended when the nascent Kharkov physics school was purged, and its leading scientists (L. Landau, L. Shubnikov, and many others, including foreign visitors) arrested.
One closely related initiative was Acta Physicochimica URSS launched in 1934 “with the purpose of acquainting foreign scientists with the works and achievements of soviet physico-chemists” (follow the link for the complete Introductory text). Acta Physicochimica URSS was suspended in 1947 per the decision of the top state authorities as part of the campaign against foreign influence, together with the prosecution of the editorial board members accused in being “cosmopolitants”. This journal published selective translations from Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii into English, German and occasionally French, but it should not be deemed a comprehensive translated version, as the submissions in Russian and foreign languages were done independently. The translation could appear either earlier or later than the Russian version, sometimes even in a different year.
To the best of our knowledge, no digital archives of Acta Physicochimica URSS exist. Below, you can find full table of contents along with selected full texts:
1934 · 1935 · 1936 · 1937 · 1938 · 1939 · 1940 · 1941 · 1942 · 1943 · 1944 · 1945 · 1946 · 1947
Volumes 14-20 published during 1941-1945 are available (full texts and contents) at http://e-heritage.ru/Catalog/PubsSearch (insert journal name in search field).
Three multidisciplinary journals of the Academy of Sciences, USSR, were its Doklady, Vestnik, and Izvestiya, which can be roughly translated as the Proceedings, Herald, and Bulletin, respectively. The former journal, Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, published short (up to 4 pages) preliminary communications of the most important (prioritized) research results, see the original 1933 formulation in Russian and in French. Communications had to be recommended by the Academy members, and initially were published in Russian + in one of European languages. Translated version named Comptes Rendus (Doklady) de l’Académie des Sciences de l’URSS was suspended in 1947 (see above).
When the internal political situation became slightly more relaxed in mid-1950s, new translated versions appeared. They were now more specialized. In particular, physical chemistry articles from Doklady are available in English starting from 1957, in Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Physical Chemistry Section (Consultants Bureau Publ.).
The contents and indices for 1958…1976 are available at archive.org (use full title for search). For 1957…1961 (volumes 112-141), full texts are also available at archive.org.
Russian version of Doklady was partly digitized by MathNet for the period of 1957 – 1970 (some years are missing). There are well arranged subject and author indexes in Russian for volumes 1-100 (1933-1955), 101-155 (1955-1964), 156-175 (1964-1967), and 176-195 (1967-1970).
As for Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, it is considered as the official journal of the chemical division of Academy. This special status allowed translations starting from 1952. Moreover, all these translations are available at Springer, see Russian Chemical Bulletin. All translated articles have DOI’s and are typically included in databases. However, this journal was always dominated by synthetic chemistry, when its physical chemistry content is minor.
In 1965 a specialized journal Elektrokhimiya appeared. Its translated version Soviet Electrochemistry was published by Consultants Bureau between 1965 and 1993. Dr Klaus Müller from Geneva acted as principal translator.
The contents and indices for 1965…1976 are available at archive.org (search for Soviet Electrochemistry).
Since 1993 the translated is known as Russian Journal of Electrochemistry (Springer).
Full texts from Elektrokhimiya in Russian can be found in Rusneb collection, but they are incomplete, although you may be able to find many of the full text by searching for individual authors.
Here is a complete list of translated Russian journals. Note that Consultants Bureau translations are very strightforward, and the authors never had a possibility to correct the proofs. In particular, terminology is sometimes misleading. However, it is much better than nothing.